Unidad 2

Unidad 2

* Lección 1: Vocabulario
* Lección 1: Tarea
* Lección 2: Gender of nouns
* Lección 2: Tarea
* Lección 3: Definite vs. indefinite articles
* Lección 3: Tarea
* Lección 4: Pronouns
* Lección 4: Tarea

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Lección 1: Vocabulario

School

Títulos - Titles

el doctor (Dr.) - Doctor
la doctora (Dra.) - Doctor
el profesor - professor
la profesora - professor
el señor (Sr.) - Mr., sir, gentleman
la señora (Sra.) - Mrs., madam, lady
la señorita (Srta.) - Miss, young lady

Nombres - Nouns

el alumno - student
la alumna - student
la chica, la muchacha - girl
el chico, el muchacha - boy
la clase - class
el colegio - school
el compañero de clase - classmate
la compañera de clase - classmate
la escuela - school
la escuela primaria - elementary school
el estudiante - student
la estudiante - student
el secundario - high school
la universidad - university

Adjetivos - Adjectives

alto(a) - tall
bonito(a) - beautiful, handsome, cute
delgado(a) skinny, slender, thin
guapo(a) - good looking, handsome
inteligente - intelligent, smart
nuevo(a) - new
simpático(a) - nice

Dentro del cuarto - Inside the classroom

El barrado - Eraser
El bolígrafo - Pen
El cesto de papeles - Trash can
El cuaderno - Notebook
El escritorio - Desk
El lápiz - Pencil
El libro - Book
El mapa - Map
El ordenador - Computer (Esp)
El papel - Paper
El reloj - Clock, watch
La computadora - computer
La lapicera - Pen (Arg)
La luz - Light, lamp
La mochila - Back pack
La pizarra - Chalk board
La pluma - Pen
La puerta - Door
La silla - chair
La tabilla de anuncios - Message board
La tiza - Chalk
La ventana - Window

Otras palabras y expresiones - Other words and expresions

¿Cómo? - How?
¿Cómo es . . .? - What is he/she/it like?
¿Cómo se dice . . .? - How do you say . . .?
con - with
el - the (M)
hay - there is, there are
La - The (F)
Las - The (F, plural)
Los - The (M, plural)
Necesito... - I need...
no - no, not
nosotros - we
sí - yes
tu - your
¿Qué? - What
¿Qué quiere decir . . .? - What does . . . mean?
Quiere decir . . . - It means . . .
Un - A (M)
Una - A (F)
Unos - Some, a few (M)
Unas - Some, a few (F)

Presentaciones - Introductions

¿Cómo te llamas? - What is your name? (Informal)
¿Cómo se llama? - What is your name? (Formal)
Me llamo . . . - My name is . . .
Te presento (nombre) - This is (name)

Expresiones de cortesía - Polite expresions

Mucha gusto./Un placer. - Nice to meet you.
El gusto es mio./El placer es mio. - The pleasure is mine.
Lo siento. - I'm sorry.

Tarea

Explain what you need for each of the following situations.

1. The room is Dark.
2. You are going to send an email.
3. You are in math class.
4. You need to carry your school supplies to class.
5. You need to know the time.
6. You need to post an announcement.
7. You need to sit down.
8. You need to throw something away.
9. You need to write something down.
10. You need to write something on the chalkboard.

Definite articles vs. indefinite articles

Definite articles: The

In Spanish, there are four ways to say the, depending on whether or not the noun is masculine, feminine, singular, or plural.

* El - Masculine, singular
* La - Feminine, singular
* Los - Masculine, plural
* Las - Feminine - plural


Ex. El chico, los chicos, la chica, las chicas.

Indefinite article: A (an), one, some, a few

Just like the definite article, there are 4 ways to say the indefinite article depending on gender and number.

* Un - Masculine, singular
* Una - Feminine, singular
* Unos - Masculine, plural
* Unas - Feminine, plural


Ex. Un chico, unos chicos, una chica, unas chicas

¡Ojo! Always remember the article along with the noun. Learning gender is one of the hardest things for English speaking people to do, because it does not exist in our language.



Lección 4: Pronouns

Pronouns are used to replace other nouns. In this introduction to pronouns, we are going to go over subjective personal pronouns, which are the subject of a sentence.

Yo - I
Tú - You (Informal)
Él - He
Ella - She
Usted (Ud.) - You (Formal)
Nosotros - We
Vosotros - You (Informal, plural, only used in Spain)
Ellos - They (M, M+F)
Ellas - They (F)
Ustedes (Uds.) - You (Formal, plural, informal in Latin America)

* Ex. Yo necesito una pluma.

It should also be pointed out that these pronouns can be in the 1st person, 2nd person, and 3rd person, as well as being either singular or plural.




You may have noticed the second person has a formal and informal pronoun. An informal situation is when you are speaking with friends and family members. A formal situation is when you are talking with someone you don't know, an elder, or when you want to be extra polite.

¡Ojo!

1. Ellos is used to refer to a group of masculine nouns or a group of masculine and feminine nouns. Ellas is used for only feminine nouns.
2. In Spanish, it is not necessary to say the subjective personal pronoun as it is incorporated into the conjugated verb.

Lección 4: Tarea

What pronoun will you use under the following circumstances? Choose from yo, tú, él, ella, ud., nosotros, vosotros, ellos, ellas, or uds.

1. You are in Spain, asking a group of friends what they will do.
2. You are talking about something that you did.
3. You are asking you friend what he did last night.
4. You are in a group of people and are asking them if they remember something you did together as a group last year.
5. You are talking about a guy in your class.
6. You are talking about what your mom made for dinner last night.
7. You are in Mexico and asking a group of friends if they are going to the movies.
8. You are talking about a girl you saw earlier that day.
9. You are talking about 5 guys and 1 girl.
10. You are talking about 6 girls and 1 boy.


Lección 2: Gender of nouns

1.) In Spanish, all nouns are either masculine or feminine.

2.) Generally speaking, nouns that end in -o are masculine and nouns that end in -a are feminine.

* Masculine: El asiento, chico, el muchacho, el escritorio
* Feminine: La mañana, la chica, la muchacha, la tablilla


3.) ¡Ojo! This is not a rule, nouns ending in -o are not always masculine and -a are not always feminine.

* Ex. El mapa, el día, la mano

4.) Many nouns that end in -o can be changed to feminine by dropping the -o and adding an -a.

* Ex. El chico --> la chica

5.) Some maculine nouns that end in a consonant can be made feminine by adding an -a.

* Ex. El doctor --> la doctora

6.) Some nouns can be both masculine and feminine.

* Ex. El estudiante, la estudiante

7.) The articles must match the nouns not only in gender, but in number as well.

* Ex. Un chico, unos chicos

8.) The best way to know the gender of a noun is to memorize the article along with it.

Masculine: El, los, un, unos

* Ex. El chico, los chicos, un chico, unos chicos

Feminine: La, las, una, unas

* Ex. La chica, las chicas, una chica, unas chicas

Lección 2: Tarea

Use the correct article to match with the new vocabulary that you just learned. Choose from el, la, los, or las.

1. ___ reloj
2. ___ escritorios
3. ___ papeles
4. ___ puerta
5. ___chicas
6. ___sillas
7. ___cuaderno
8. ___lápices
9. ___pluma
10. ___luz

Now do the same exercise, but this time choose from un, una, unos, or unas.

Tarea

Use the appropriate noun and article in Spanish for the following things you might find in a classroom.

1. A desk
2. Some students
3. The eraser
4. A few notebooks
5. Some backpacks
6. The teacher (M)
7. A few girls and boys
8. The lamps
9. The computers
10. The pencils